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STUDY XV

THE FOES AND BESETMENTS OF THE NEW CREATION

"The Old Man"--The World as an Enemy of the New Creation--The Great Adversary--He Was a Liar and a Murderer from the Beginning-- Satan's Associates in Evil--Legions of Demons--How Satan's First Lie is Perpetuated--Christian Science and Theosophy--"We Wrestle not [merely] with Flesh and Blood"--The Ministry of Evil--Besetments of the Adversary--"The Prayer of Faith Shall Save the Sick"--"If Satan Cast Out Satan" His Kingdom Wanes--Love Righteousness-- Hate Iniquity-- Mar 16:9-20 -- The Nominal Church as an Adversary to the New Creation--The Armor of God.

CHIEF amongst the foes of the New Creation is "the old man"--the old will. Let us avoid the mistake so commonly made respecting this subject. Let us not think of the New Creature as having two minds, two wills. "A double-minded man is unstable in all his ways," unsatisfactory to himself and unacceptable to the Lord. The New Creature is not double-minded. He has but the one mind, one spirit, one intention, one will; and that is the new will, the Spirit of Christ, the holy Spirit. Instead of partially accepting the mind of Christ and partially maintaining his own will, he made a full consecration of his old will to the Lord, and that old will was thereafter dead, and set aside from having control in his affairs. It was thus that he was accepted as a member of the body of Christ--to have no will of his own, but to permit the will of the Head to control him. It was thus that he became a New Creature in Christ Jesus, and found "old things passed away, all things become new." Those who have not made such a surrender have not become members of the Ecclesia , the body of Christ, though

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they may be members of "the household of faith," from which come all the members of the "body," the "elect."

But although the old will was thus renounced thoroughly and forever, and declared dead (by the Lord and by all who view matters from his standpoint), and while the flesh was reckoned dead, too, as respects sin, but alive toward God, quickened by the promises, and brought under the control of the new will Rom 6:11 ; Rom 8:11 ), nevertheless this death of the flesh and its will, and this resurrection of the flesh as the servant of the new will, to serve the Lord, the Truth, under the Golden Rule, are only reckoned matters . The "dead" and "alive" conditions need continually to be maintained by opposition of the new will to any life or activity of the old will and its influence over the flesh. If the new will becomes indifferent and fails to use the mortal flesh continuously as its servant in higher and spiritual things, the flesh will very shortly reassert itself and have motions and desires of its own, antagonistic to the new mind, opposed to the interests of the New Creature. The latter must, therefore, be constantly on the alert for insurrections, and, as the Apostle expresses it, must keep down, keep dead, the old will, with its affections and its desires--must continually mortify, or put to death, the ambitions and desires of the flesh. The Apostle explains this, saying of himself, "I keep my body under [dead, as respects all control from the old, selfish will of the flesh], lest after having preached to others I myself should become a castaway"--might fail to make my calling and election sure. 1Co 9:27

The inspired Word declares that "the [natural] heart is deceitful above all things, and desperately wicked" Jer 17:9 ) --not the organ called the heart, but that which the heart represents in Scripture, viz., the natural affections. The New Creature gets a new heart, a new will, a new standard of affection, in which God and his righteousness and truth and plan and will are first; and in which all other things occupy a place of honor and love in proportion to their harmony with the Lord and his righteousness. To

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those possessing this new heart all the members of the New Creation are necessarily first and closest: hence, as the Apostle says, love of the brethren is one of the best tests of relationship to the Lord as New Creatures. But this, as already shown, must not interfere with a just recognition of obligations to others.

The New Creature, the new heart, with its new affections, is continually assailed by its enemies, the old heart, the old affections, the selfish disposition; and the latter, finding that the New Creature is bound by divine command to be considerate and generous toward others, frequently practices deceptions upon the new heart, and says in effect: Now you have reckoned me dead; you have put me out, and I am dead, as respects what I was. I am not the same old heart I was formerly; but you must give me some consideration. You must not treat me too rudely; you must concede that I have made considerable progress, and must not put too heavy a burden upon me; it would not be just. You ought to be selfish to a certain extent. You ought to look out for number one, and for your family; not--merely for their necessities, but much more--and should endeavor to give them wealth and social advantages. You should sacrifice yourself for them.

How deceitful is this old heart! How specious are its false reasonings! How many have proven this to their sorrow! How many have been inveigled and had the new mind captivated by the old! How many have found themselves brought into bondage by the deceitfulness of the old heart! One of the favorite arguments is that the New Creation is commanded, "So far as lieth in you, live peaceably with all men." This general advice of the Apostle it seeks to exalt far above his design, and to make it superior to the divine command (1) that we shall love and serve, honor and obey, the Lord with all our heart and all our mind, soul and strength; and (2) that we shall love our neighbors as ourselves. This does not permit of peace at any price. If the old heart, the old mind, the old will, can get the new one to make a compromise

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of truth or duty for the sake of peace, there will be no end to the demands it will make; and the result will be that the New Creature would soon, in the interest of peace, be violating the very essence of his covenant with the Lord, and be fully submitting himself to the old will, although it desires not to do so--indeed striving against the old will, but led captive by it through its deceitfulness, and its skillful misinterpretations of the divine Word.

When thus assailed, the new will should freely declare that while peace is desirable in the home and everywhere, yet peace is not the primary condition, according to the Lord's promise. Indeed, the Lord has warned those of the New Creation that so surely as they will live godly they must suffer persecution--and persecution does not signify peace with all, but the reverse. He has assured them that so surely as they let the light shine out, the darkness will hate the light and combat it, and, if possible, induce the owner of the light to put it under a bushel, to hide it; and that in order to induce this hiding of the light the darkness will wage a warfare which will mean anything else than peace. But the Lord assures us that these are tests for the New Creature--that he must determine that the peace which is of greatest importance to him is, not the peace of the flesh, but the peace of heart, "the peace of God, which passeth all understanding."

The New Creature must learn that he may have this peace of God, which passeth all understanding, to rule in his heart, even while outward conditions are the reverse of peaceful; but that the condition of full harmony with the Lord is a reward for faithfulness to him, whatever the cost, whatever the sacrifice. Hence, when appealed to by the cravings of the flesh, and the arguments of those who are near and dear through earthly ties, the New Creature must first of all consider his primary obligation, viz., that he shall love and serve the Lord with all his heart, mind, being, strength, and that all dealings with family or flesh or neighbors must be subject to this primary law of obedience to God.

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On the other hand, the New Creature is to avoid fanaticism --to avoid doing things merely because they are unpleasant to himself or to others; to avoid judging the mind of the Lord to be always the reverse of his own inclinations. It requires earnest and patient study of the divine Word, and the spirit and principles underlying the divine requirements, to enable the New Creature properly to apply the directions of the Word to all the daily affairs of life. But few in comparison are tempted along these lines. The majority are tempted more to gratification of the flesh, and have, therefore, need of special care along that line--lest they walk after the flesh, gratifying it, serving it, submitting to it, and thus walk in the opposite direction to that in which they consecrated to go. Or if they do not walk after the flesh, in the sense of following it and its service, they have need to be specially on guard lest the flesh shall keep them from walking after the Spirit, from making progress in spiritual things--shall endeavor to bring their spiritual progress to a standstill, and thus hinder their fruitfulness, growth and development in usefulness, and ultimately prevent their overcoming and gaining the great prize of joint-heirship with Christ in the Kingdom as members of the little flock.

The thought that should always be borne in mind is that the New Creatures have consecrated all of their earthly, fleshly interests to sacrifice; and that nothing short of sacrifice of these will permit them, as New Creatures, to have full development and to be "made meet for the inheritance of the saints in light"--for a share in the first resurrection to glory, honor and immortality, as members of the body of Christ. The only restriction we are to recognize in this direction of full sacrifice, is where the interests of other lives are interwoven with ours, and where the Golden Rule would place its limitations upon the sacrificing, and insist that reasonable allowance must be made for our dear ones according to the flesh who have not joined with us in its consecration to sacrifice.

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The World as an Enemy of the New Creation

Everything pertaining to this present evil world is more or less out of alignment with righteousness, and hence, more or less contrary to the New Creation and its righteous standard. The law of the world might in a general way be summed up as Selfishness; notwithstanding the world makes claims, and with considerable propriety, to a grand recognition of justice. We are not of those who believe that all the laws and all the regulations of the civilized world are evil; on the contrary, we have frequently been amazed to note how grand are the laws of Christendom--how wise, how just, how noble--many of them evidently enacted with a view to protecting the interests of the weak against the strong, and of doing justice to all. Nevertheless, with selfishness interwoven with every thought and word and act of the whole world, it is not surprising that its very highest conceptions of justice are sometimes bent and twisted-- wrested.

Our surprise, on the contrary, may well be that poor fallen humanity should ever have attained to so grand a system of laws as are to be found on the statute books of Great Britain, the United States and other countries. We cannot doubt that the law given through Moses and exemplified, multiplied and made honorable and expounded by our Lord Jesus and his apostles has had much to do with-- has been the basis, indeed--of these human laws. Nevertheless, as all will concede, the selfishness of man is continuously battling with man's own definitions of justice, and seeking to set them aside either in part or in whole; and this, which is ceaselessly progressing on a large scale in the world, is one of the chief difficulties and battles of the New Creation.

The world and its spirit of pride, selfishness, etc., must be recognized as one of the chief foes of the New Creation. The whole world of mankind, operating under this general "spirit of the world," is moving in one general direction, as a great river, in some parts of which there is greater swiftness, and in other parts greater sluggishness, but all, nevertheless,

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following in the same general selfish direction. The New Creature, by his consecration, by the spirit of his new mind, is obligated to an adverse course, and is, therefore, opposed by all the current of popular sentiment, theory, tradition, etc., and marked as peculiar. He has friction to contend with. He necessarily is in antagonism to those who are going in the opposite direction, and who come in touch with him. This collision cannot be avoided. It means not outward peace but outward conflict; this outward conflict, however, may signify inward peace and joy because divine approval is realized.

The world's aims and objects and methods are not always ignoble and unjust; but even its noblest aims and objects are generally contrary to those of the New Creation, because the world is acting under the impulse of human wisdom, while the New Creation is actuated by the wisdom from above. Worldly wisdom has its own conceptions of religion as a means for holding wicked people in check. It has its own idea of morality, benevolence, faith, hope, love-- cannot comprehend the different standpoint of the New Creation, and is apt to consider its views extreme, unreasonable, etc., not comprehending the divine plan, not appreciating from the divine standpoint the insignificance of the present life, as compared to the future one. Nor does worldly wisdom appreciate the impotence of all human effort as respects real human uplift, when contrasted with the great and grand arrangements which God has in reservation, and which will be fully brought to light and put into successful operation in the Kingdom, as soon as his work of the present age has been completed--as soon as the elect Church shall have been selected, polished, approved, glorified.

The New Creation must not, therefore, be surprised if the world hate it--even the morally and religiously well-disposed of the world. And this hatred and opposition of the world, at times so vexatious and trying to faithfulness and patience, is to be received meekly; with the remembrance that the world is still blinded by the "god of this

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world" and sees not the "exceeding great and precious things," "the deep things of the Spirit," in the light of which we, by the grace of God, are enabled to count all things-- losses, trials, etc.--as but "loss and dross," that we may win the wonderful things promised us in the Word. To yield to the spirit of the world, to allow its sentiments to dominate us for the sake of its peace, would be giving evidence of an inferior appreciation of the Lord, his Truth, and the privileges of his service. The result would be that if we did not lose everything by going completely over to worldliness we might, at least, lose the prize, and have a portion with the "great company," and come up through great tribulation to an inferior place in connection with the glories to follow.

The Apostle's strict injunction is, "Love not the world, neither the things that are in the world. If any man love the world the love of the Father is not in him." 1Jo 2:15 ) We should be on guard, therefore, against every indication of sympathy or affiliation with the spirit of the world. This does not mean that we should be out of sympathy with our friends, whom we term the worldly--that we should be careless of their interests, etc.; but it does mean that while careful to discharge our obligations toward the worldly, and to render honor to whom honor is due, tribute to whom tribute is due, support to whom support is due, kindness to whom kindness is proper, sympathy to whom sympathy is proper, we are, nevertheless, to distinguish between our friends and neighbors, who are still under the influence of the Adversary, and the spirit, or disposition, which has actuated them and which is deluding them.

We are not to be in sympathy with any of the present institutions, which are based upon selfishness, and, in greater or less degree, are in opposition to the divine law, the Golden Rule. It may be necessary for us to conduct our affairs considerably along the lines of selfishness prevalent in the world; but without stopping to dispute the question continually, our hearts should be kept in that attitude in which we would be out of sympathy with selfish principles

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and longing for the reign of the Golden Rule absolutely in all the affairs of life, and, so far as possible, in our own intercourse with the world.

It is not for us to attempt to transform the world and revolutionize society and its methods. That herculean task the Lord has left for himself, and it will be fully accomplished in the "great day" fast approaching. Meantime the Lord's people, under guidance of his Word--although in the world, and necessarily having to do with its affairs and customs--are not to be in love, in sympathy, with them. They are to realize, on the contrary, that to keep in close touch with the Lord, and in close sympathy with the principles of his righteousness, will necessarily mean the same kind of opposition that God has to every form and degree of injustice, inequity, lawlessness--in church, in state, in finance, in politics, and in social customs and usages.

Seeing this more or less clearly, some, we believe, have gone to an extreme in denouncing present institutions in a manner that the Lord and the apostles neither commanded nor sanctioned, nor illustrated in their words and conduct. We should remember that the world as a whole is living up to as high a standard as it appreciates, and that simply to find fault with matters which others are as powerless to correct as ourselves is worse than useless, because it merely produces unhappiness, vexation, etc., without accomplishing desired results. John the Baptist gave wise advice along this line when asked of some of the Roman soldiers respecting their proper course, he answered, "Do violence to no man [do not violate the laws and regulations under which you are placed by your government] and be content with your wages." Simply making people discontented with their present conditions and surroundings is most unwise. On the contrary, the influence, the spirit, the disposition, of the New Creation should always be toward peace; and if we cannot commend present institutions highly, neither need we specially condemn them.

In such matters we may well follow the example of Michael

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the archangel, who did not even bring a railing accusation against Satan, but said, "The Lord rebuke thee!"--in his own time and manner. Jud 1:9 ) So with us. Realizing that the Lord will rebuke present institutions in his own time and manner, we can say to ourselves, with the Apostle, "Be patient, brethren; the coming of the Lord draweth nigh"--the establishment of his Kingdom, near at hand, will rectify all these difficulties. The agitation of these matters in advance will be not only unavailing, but worse-- disadvantageous, injurious--both to the agitator and the agitated, breeding discontent. Amongst the children of this world there will be found plenty of agitators when the Lord's time shall come for these questions to be agitated. Meantime all the members of the New Creation will display wisdom in avoiding such questions as tend to strife and discontent, and in chiefly speaking amongst the Lord's people and such as "have an ear to hear," concerning the deeper things of the divine plan, of course including on proper occasions the time of trouble by which the Kingdom will be established.

The New Creation, the Royal Priesthood, has a special work quite apart from the world and all agitation of its elements. Their work at the present time, as already shown, is to blow the silver trumpets--to sound forth the truth of the divine plan for such as have an ear to hear, for such as are not blinded and deafened by the deceptions of the Adversary. Their mission is specially amongst the Lord's people, finishing up the work of this Gospel age, garnering the wheat. Mat 13:37-43

Under another picture, the present work of the Church is shown to be the Bride making herself ready for the marriage. 2Co 11:2 ; Rev 19:7 ) With such pressing calls upon them for every moment of their time, for every particle of their influence, means, etc., the New Creatures have neither love for the world, to seek to perpetuate its arrangements, institutions, etc., nor have they the disposition to anticipate the Lord's wise, beneficent arrangement for the transformation of this present evil world into "the world

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to come," "wherein dwelleth righteousness." Heb 2:5 ; 2Pe 3:13

The Great Adversary, Satan

The Apostle writes--"Your adversary, the devil," as though he would have us understand that we have much more to contend with than the weaknesses of our own flesh and the imperfections of fellow men. He would have us realize that we have a cunning "wily" foe in Satan, and that we must keep close to our Shepherd if we would be delivered out of temptation and from the power of the Evil One. Let us note some of the many scriptures which refer to this Adversary whose very existence is now being denied by many:

"Your adversary, the devil, goeth about as a roaring lion, seeking whom he may devour." 1Pe 5:8

"Then was Jesus led up into the wilderness to be tempted of the devil." Mat 4:1

"Then shall he say also unto them on the left hand, Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire [Gehenna, destruction], prepared for the devil and his angels." Mat 25:41

"Those by the wayside are they that hear; then cometh the devil and taketh away the word out of their hearts." Luk 8:12

"Ye are of your father the devil, and the lusts of your father ye will do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and abode not in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaketh a lie he speaketh of his own; for he is a liar, and the father of it." Joh 8:44

"Supper being ended, the devil having now put into the heart of Judas Iscariot to betray him." Joh 13:2

"Neither give place to the devil." Eph 4:27

"Put on the whole armour of God, that ye may be able to withstand the wiles of the devil." Eph 6:11

"Lest...he fall into the condemnation of the devil." 1Ti 3:6-7

"They may recover themselves out of the snare of the devil." 2Ti 2:26

"That through death he might destroy him that had the power of death, that is, the devil." Heb 2:14

"Resist the devil, and he will flee from you." Jam 4:7

"He that committeth sin is of the devil; for the devil sinneth from the beginning. For this purpose the Son of God was manifested, that he might destroy the works of the devil...In this the children of God are manifest, and the children of the devil; whosoever doeth not righteousness is not of God, neither he that loveth not his brother." 1Jo 3:8 , 1Jo 3:10

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"Michael, the archangel, when contending with the devil he disputed about the body of Moses, durst not bring against him a railing accusation, but said, The Lord rebuke thee." Jud 1:9

"The devil shall cast some of you into prison, that ye may be tried." Rev 2:10

"The great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the devil, and Satan; which deceiveth the whole world; he was cast out into the earth, and his angels with him." Rev 12:9 , Rev 12:12

"He laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the devil, and Satan, and bound him a thousand years,...that he should deceive the nations no more till the thousand years should be fulfilled." Rev 20:2-3

"The devil that deceived them was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone. ...This is the second death." Rev 20:10 , Rev 20:14

"Now is the judgment of this world; now shall the prince of this world be cast out." Joh 12:31

"Hereafter I will not talk much with you; for the prince of this world cometh and hath nothing in me." Joh 14:30

"When he is come he will reprove the world...of judgment, because the prince of this world is judged." Joh 16:8 , Joh 16:11

"Wherein in times past ye walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, the spirit that now worketh in the children of disobedience." Eph 2:2

"If our Gospel be hid, it is hid to them that are lost; in whom the god of this world hath blinded the minds of them which believe not, lest the light of the glorious Gospel of Christ, who is the image of God, should shine unto them." 2Co 4:3-4

"When the Pharisees heard it they said, This fellow doth not cast out devils but by Beelzebub, the prince of the devils. And Jesus said,...If Satan cast out Satan he is divided against himself; how shall then his Kingdom stand?" Mat 12:24-26

"How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning!" Isa 14:12-14

"Satan himself is transformed into an angel of light." 2Co 11:14

"Even him whose coming is after the working of Satan with all power and signs and lying wonders, and with all deceivableness of unrighteousness in them that perish." 2Th 2:9-10

"Lest Satan get an advantage of us; for we are not ignorant of his devices." 2Co 2:11

"For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against the spiritual things of the Evil One in the heavenlies." Eph 6:12 ) See Diaglott.

"He that is begotten of God keepeth himself, and that Wicked One toucheth him not. And we know that we are of God, and the whole world lies under the Wicked One." 1Jo 5:18-19 ) See Diaglott.

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"There was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves before the Lord, and Satan also came amongst them." Job 1:6-12 ; Job 2:1-7

"And he showed me Joshua the high priest standing before the angel of the Lord, and Satan standing at his right hand to resist him. And the Lord said unto Satan, The Lord rebuke thee, O Satan; even the Lord that hath chosen Jerusalem rebuke thee." Zec 3:1-2

"I beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven." Luk 10:18

"I have appeared unto thee for this purpose,...I send thee to open their eyes, and to turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God." Act 26:16 , Act 26:18

"The God of peace shall bruise Satan under your feet shortly." Rom 16:20

"To deliver such an one unto Satan for the destruction of the flesh." 1Co 5:5 ; 1Ti 1:20

"Give none occasion to the Adversary to speak reproachfully; for some are already turned aside after Satan." 1Ti 5:14-15

When our Lord said, "Get thee hence, Satan" [adversary, opposing spirit--Young], and again when he said to Peter, "Get thee behind me, Satan [adversary, etc.]; thou art an offense unto me, for thou savorest not the things that be of God" Mat 4:10 ; Mat 16:23 ), it was saying in effect that being in opposition to God, the same position was also held toward all in harmony with God. And Peter's declaration that he goes about like a "roaring lion, seeking whom he may devour" seems to teach that he is not "your [the Church's] adversary" alone, but that of all mankind. Our Lord makes a direct assertion to that effect. Joh 12:31 ; Joh 14:30 ; Joh 16:11

Our Lord's declaration, that Satan is the great Adversary, not only of God, but of humanity, is by no means a fancy sketch, but the plain truth. He is our Adversary in a sense that the world and our own flesh are not our adversaries. Our own flesh opposes the New Creature, not from any bitterness or hatred, nor with any scheming for its temporal or eternal disadvantage; but merely in the sense that the cravings of the fallen flesh are in a direction which is at variance to the best interests of the New Creature and the hopes with which he has been begotten. The opposition of the world is likewise not a malicious one, but merely a selfish one, because of seeing things in different lights and because

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of selfish differences of interest. Satan alone is the wilful, intelligent plotter and schemer who uses a superhuman intelligence and, so far as permitted, superhuman powers, to inveigle our fallen flesh, through depraved appetites, etc., and who frequently uses the worldly as his tools and unconscious instruments in opposing righteousness and truth and those who are of the Truth.

He Was a Liar and a Murderer from the Beginning

Joh 8:44

The inspired record asserts, persistently and consistently, that Satan began the rebellion against the divine law, and seduced our first parents into disobedience, through his own ambition for power; and that since man's fall this same Adversary has been the implacable opponent of God, of righteousness and of truth; and not only the ensnarer of mankind, but the opposer of the great plan of Atonement which God devised and is prosecuting through Christ. From the Scriptural account it does not appear that Satan had any sympathizers or associate conspirators amongst the angels at the time of his secession and attempt to establish a lordship or dominion of his own in the earth, taking as his subjects God's latest creation--mankind. As surely as Satan himself was a part of the general creation of God, so surely we may know that he was created perfect and upright, in the image of God; because all of God's work is perfect. Eph 3:9 ; Deu 32:4 ) He has but the one standard of righteousness, justice, perfection, and he himself is that standard.

But to be created perfect, and to remain perfect, are two entirely different propositions. God has not been pleased to create any of his intelligent creatures mere machines, incapable of change of motive and conduct. On the contrary, he has been pleased to create all the morally intelligent of his creatures after his own likeness or image, with perfect liberty to follow the right, the true, the pure, the good, according to his own example and precept; but with power

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also to alter or reverse their course in these respects, and to become rebels against his law of righteousness. God, however, has guarded this matter, by keeping in his own hands the power of everlasting life; so that he has full control of the situation, and can destroy any of his creatures, if they refuse to acknowledge and obey his righteous requirements. He proposes to blot them out of existence, as though they had never been, and to permit only such as are in heart harmony with his requirements to continue to live everlastingly.

Amongst the angels of high rank (of whom Satan was originally one), there were, apparently from the beginning, and still are, different orders or grades, yet all under the rule of love, and who, in obedience to the will of the Creator, operated in unison and harmony probably for ages. Goodness, love, kindness, obedience to the heavenly Father's requirements, and happiness resulting from these, were for a long while their only experiences. But in due time another feature of the divine plan was developed. Man was created, of a different nature from angels, a little lower nature-- human, not angelic--earthly, not heavenly--flesh, not spirit. Additionally, mankind had a separate home-- earth--with a family organization, and were paired, male and female, and had powers of procreation--ability to propagate their own species. In all these particulars they differed from the angels, who are not sexually different, and who have not the family arrangement, and who do not propagate their own kind. God's latest creation was, no doubt, a marvel in the eyes of all the angelic hosts--in connection with which their reasoning faculties found abundant opportunity for exercise.

Then it was that one of those of high rank, reasoning out the possibilities of the matter and harboring selfish and ambitious thoughts, concluded that if he could in some manner but capture the newly created human pair, and alienate them from God, then he could through them set up a special kingdom or dominion of his own, of which he would be the god or lord, usurping the place and honor of Jehovah

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respecting mankind and the earth. It was his prosecution of this criminal ambition that gave to him his present name, Satan--adversary of God. He did not meditate nor attempt to usurp God's dominion over the angels. Such an attempt would have been absurd, since all of the angels were intimately acquainted with God, and knew Satan as one of themselves. Hence, they would not have thought of consenting to become his servants and followers, very much preferring, and being thoroughly satisfied with, and in no sense rebellious toward, the just, loving and wise administration of Jehovah Almighty.

No sooner did such selfish and ambitious designs find a lodgment in Satan's heart, than he began to measure the Lord by his own false standard, and to suppose that the Lord Jehovah was in all of his work merely carrying out ambitious and selfish designs. Thus it is that the wicked heart is always ready to impute evil to others, be they ever so pure, honorable and benevolent. No doubt Satan justified his own course in the beginning, at least, by false reasoning, to the effect that in creating mankind on a lower plane than the spirit beings, the angels, God was influenced by sinister and selfish motives; and that the limitation to earth as their habitat was with a view to having them the more fully enslaved. Having once permitted this envious, rebellious, unsanctified thought to enter his heart, it was only a question of time when the evil would develop further, in the suggestion and manifestation of open sin and opposition to the divine arrangements.

Perhaps, indeed, it was with the false idea that he was doing justice to the oppressed that Satan approached mother Eve in Eden, and suggested to her that the strict regulations by which Adam and herself had been hedged about by the divine decree respecting one of the trees of the garden, was the exercise on God's part of unwarranted, autocratic powers--to restrain them from liberties which should properly be theirs and the exercise of which would be clearly to their advantage. He even suggested to mother Eve, and possibly he expressed truly the opinion of his, by

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this time perverted, judgment that God falsified to them when he stated that the eating of the fruit of the forbidden tree would result in their destruction--their death. Satan had never seen death amongst any of God's creatures made in his own likeness, endowed with reason; and hence, in his perverse attitude of mind, he not only attributed to God sinister motives in connection with the creation, but now assumed that he had deliberately lied to his creatures, in order to further his own plans of keeping them in a measure of ignorance, and under what Satan, by this time no doubt, concluded was despotic authority.

The evil suggestion took effect. The mind of mother Eve--which up to this moment had been thankful to God and appreciative of all his mercies and blessings, and which had recognized him as the fountain of grace and truth, benevolence and love--was poisoned with the thought that she was being made a dupe; was being deprived of proper liberties to the intent that she might be hindered from acquiring larger measures of knowledge, which were properly her right, and which God, in his determination to keep them in the slavery of ignorance, was misrepresenting to them-- threatening them that it would result in their death-- whereas this newly found friend, Satan, who loved them better, and who was jealous for their welfare and their liberty, assured them that the eating of the forbidden fruit would not only not bring disaster and death, but would bring increase of knowledge, liberty, and exercise for all their powers. The poison acted quickly; selfishness and acquisitiveness were aroused in the heart of mother Eve, which had never before had such sentiments, because nothing in her previous experience had ever suggested such thoughts or sentiments.

Satan's position on this matter, of course, separated him from Jehovah. He staked his all upon his ability to capture the new human race as his servants, his kingdom; or, as perhaps he would have expressed it, he had staked all in his effort to liberate the new human family from divine despotism. When he saw the effect of the transgression--that the

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human pair were cast out of Eden, and shut off from its life-sustaining trees, that they gradually began to wither and to perish, no doubt he was disappointed, as well as was mother Eve. Adam, we are informed, was not deceived: he knew what to expect as the result of disobedience. His share in the transaction was a voluntary one, a suicide we might term it. Inspired by the thought that his wife must die, because she had partaken of the forbidden fruit, and feeling that all of his own joy would thus perish, he resolved to die with her. Had he understood better the divine character, as it has since been manifested though God's dealings in connection with the Atonement, he would doubtless have trusted God for help out of the difficulty, and would have been obedient to the divine decree at any cost.

But to return to Satan: Having chosen an evil course, each step of his journey since seems to be taking him only further and further away from every principle of righteousness; so that while his first lie, "Ye shall not surely die," may have been uttered with considerable candor, yet ever since, and today, he endeavors by every conceivable means to perpetuate his false statement, and to deceive mankind into believing that there is no such thing as death -- that when they die they are more alive than ever before. It is the old lie, "Ye shall not surely die," readjusted to present conditions. None now know better than Satan the reality of death, as it passed upon the whole human family; and none know better than he that if the human family clearly and distinctly understood the matter of sin, its penalty, the ransom, and the resultant restitution, the influence of the Truth would be to draw mankind toward their just, yet merciful Creator.

But this is what Satan desires to prevent. He therefore attempts to blind the minds of mankind respecting the true character and plan of God, and to fill them, on the contrary, with false and blasphemous thoughts respecting the divine character and plan. Instead of having men see that death, and all the sufferings incident to death, viz., mental,

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moral and physical decay and disease, are the results of disobedience to God, the results of following his falsehood, he, on the contrary, would have them think, and has succeeded in convincing many, that the great Jehovah, who declares himself to be the very embodiment of justice and of love, in creating the human family most unjustly and unlovingly did so with malevolent intentions towards the vast majority --that he purposed and predestinated in his heart, before beginning man's creation, that thousands of millions of them should be eternally tormented, and that a "little flock" should be carried to glory, as a sample of what he had power to do for all if he had been kindly disposed. Thus, and with many other somewhat similar delusions and snares, has the Adversary for six thousand years perverted human judgment, and turned the hearts of men away from God and from the message of his Truth. The Apostle confirms this, and explains it, saying: "The god of this world hath blinded the minds of them that believe not, lest the light of the glorious Gospel of Christ, who is the image of God, should shine unto them"--should enlighten them, and drive out the darkness of ignorance and misconception, and let them see the real character and gracious plan of the heavenly Father. 2Co 4:4

Wherever the light of divine revelation (not merely the Bible, but also "the spirit of Truth") goes, it more or less means danger to the darkness of Satan's misrepresentations. The Truth is a thousand-fold more reasonable than Satan's error, and would rapidly prevail against him, were it not for his cunning, "wily" tactics, by which he is continually shifting the scenes, and bringing forward new deceptions to uphold his old lie, and "to deceive, if it were possible, the very elect." One of the first and one of the most gigantic and most successful of his efforts to controvert the Truth, and to make the error appear feasible and plausible, was the development of the great Antichrist system, the Papacy. By it he exercised a most wonderful influence throughout the world, so that, in the light of today, and with a measure of freedom

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from that monstrous institution, mankind looks back to the period of its dominion and describes it as "the Dark Ages"-- dark with injustice, dark with error and superstition, dark with persecution, relentless and terrible, against those who sought to worship God according to the dictates of their conscience --ferocious against them in proportion as they obtained the true light and were faithful in holding it up before the people. So diabolical was this great institution, in its methods and influence, and so thoroughly did it represent Satan's cunning and ambition and craftiness, that it is symbolically described by the Lord as though it were Satan himself. It was, in the largest sense of the word, his representative, while claiming to be God's representative.*

Throughout the prophecies we find this blending of description and denunciation between Satan and his chiefest representative amongst the enlightened. For instance, after describing the breaking of the power of Babylon--a description which is applicable in part to literal Babylon, and the bondage of natural Israel, and more particularly applicable to the bondage of mystic Babylon over spiritual Israel--the Prophet proceeds with a description which primarily fits to Satan's own course, and in a secondary sense is applicable to the rise and fall of natural Babylon, and in a yet further sense to the rise and fall of mystic Babylon, saying:

"How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! How art thou cut down to the ground, which didst weaken the nations! For thou hast said in thine heart, I will ascend into heaven, I will exalt my throne above the stars of God: I will sit also upon the mount of the congregation [the Kingdom of God's people] to the northward [Pleiades, in the north, has long been esteemed the center of the universe, the throne of Jehovah]: I will ascend up to the heights of the clouds; I will be like the Most High. Yet thou shalt be brought down to hell-- sheol , oblivion--to the sides of the pit. They that see thee shall narrowly look upon thee, and consider thee, saying, Is this the one that made the earth to tremble, that did shake kingdoms; that made the world as a wilderness, and destroyed the cities thereof; that opened not the house of his prisoners?" Isa 14:12-17

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*See Vol. II, Chap. ix.

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As it was true that Babylon highly exalted itself over the other kingdoms of the world, it was also true that Papacy, the Antichrist, exalted itself as a kingdom over the nations of earth, and attempted to rule them with a rod of iron, claiming authority so to do in the name of the true Christ. And as the one was brought down to destruction, much more so there waiteth yet the final fall of Babylon the Great, the Mother of Harlots, as a great millstone cast into the sea, to rise no more. But if the ambition of these to have dominion above others was great, still greater was the ambition of Satan to be higher than the others of God's creation, to have a kingdom of his own, and subjects of his own--a rival kingdom to that of Jehovah--over earth, as Jehovah's dominion is in heaven. However, this also shall fail, and Satan himself shall first be bound during the thousand years of the reign of the Redeemer and the lifting of the curse, and the blessing of the world, but subsequently, as the Scriptures clearly show, he is to be destroyed, together with all his angels--his messengers, all who follow his leading and his course. Mat 25:41 ; Heb 2:14 ; Rev 20:10

Satan's Associates in Evil--Legions of Demons

As already seen, according to the Scriptural account, Satan had no angelic associates in his conspiracy and rebellion at its beginning. On the contrary, we may understand that all the holy angels were in fullest sympathy with the divine government, and that some of them were commissioned to rule over fallen man, and to help mankind, if possible, back to harmony with God, and to restrain them from further depravity. This was prior to the flood of Noah's day. It was the first experience of angels with sin, disloyalty to God, moral obliquity. It became to them a test, because it suggested possibilities of an evil course, contrary to the divine will. It suggested pleasures and advantages as the result of such a course, and thus became a test of their loyalty and obedience to Jehovah. The Scriptures clearly inform us that under this test some of the angels, who previously had been holy and obedient, became transgressors, fell into and

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were contaminated by sin. Both Jude and Peter speak of "those angels which kept not their first estate," and whom, in consequence, God restrained of their liberties, reserving them in chains, under darkness, until a great judgment day, still future, when their cases will be heard. 2Pe 2:4 ; Jud 1:6

Isolated from the holy angels, these fallen angels are since known as demons, or devils, and Satan is recognized as the "prince of devils"--their leader, with whom they cooperate as mischief workers amongst men. Having no employment in good works, and left to themselves in evil, it need not surprise us that in them evil attains large proportions, and that they are faithful allies of Satan in the inculcation of his original lie--"Thou shalt not surely die." Apparently, very soon after the flood these fallen angels, demons, began to debauch humanity, under the guise of religion. While chained, or imprisoned, in the sense of being unable longer to appear amongst men in fleshly bodies, they soon found in the depraved race those who were willing to submit themselves as their agents, or mediums, and they operated through the bodies of these, instead of bodies of their own. Such " mediums ," or human channels of communication between the demons and mankind were, in olden times, known as "fetishes," "wizards," "witches," "necromancers," "medicine men," and "priests" of false religions. Their various efforts to gain control of the people of Israel, whom God had selected to be his representatives in the world for a time, are distinctly noted in the Scriptures, and the people are strictly warned against them. Laws were enacted and, to a considerable extent enforced, against those who became the agents of communication between the demons and Israel--the penalty being death.

Man, constitutionally, is an image of God, and as such is a free, independent being. This freedom extends to his moral agency; hence the expression that man is a "free moral agent." However much he may lose his personal liberty, or become enslaved either to persons or to his own appetites, nevertheless his moral agency is free--he is free to

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will, to use his mind in what way he may please. If he wills to submit his mind to the Lord's will, he may do so; if he wills to submit to an evil influence, he may do so; and if he wills to stand independent of both God and evil influences he may do so, to the extent that his physical powers and mental judgment will permit--but impaired by the fall, and its inherited weaknesses, his judgment as well as his knowledge and ability to reason, are greatly diminished, and, hence, his moral independence is proportionately in danger, when assaulted by "seducing spirits and doctrines of devils," as the Scriptures declare the evil influence at work throughout the world to be. 1Ti 4:1 ) It is not surprising, therefore, that these fallen angels, demons, have in every country and in every time, found it possible to obtain possession of numerous mediums. And they are choice as to who their mediums shall be, seeking, so far as possible, those possessed of mental capacity, that through these natural qualities and abilities they may the more thoroughly operate in the control of the masses in general. Consequently we find that in heathen lands and amongst the Indians these mediums, priests, wizards, witches, necromancers, astrologers, and soothsayers, were amongst the wisest and ablest. In modern times, in Christendom, these mediums of demons are often known by this particular name, medium, as amongst the Spiritualists. It is one of the most correct names ever applied, for, simply and strictly, those who submit themselves to these evil influences, to be the channels of communication to men, are merely mediums through which the evil spirits communicate, either by words or raps, or writings, or otherwise.

The general methods and general teaching of these demons, through such mediums, in all times and in all countries, have been practically the same. They misrepresent themselves, and personate the dead, except very occasionally, when they have made themselves so bold as to admit that they are demons--as, for instance, amongst the Chinese. See also 1Co 10:20 . By palming themselves off as

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dead human beings they accomplish a manifold work most successfully:

(1) They support the original lie promulgated by Satan in Eden, "Thou shalt not surely die."

(2) Through this falsehood they prejudice the minds of mankind against the Gospel and all its provisions.

(3) The divine provisions for man's redemption and recovery out of sin, and its penalty, death, they thus make to appear inconsistent, unreasonable, nonsensical. Denying that the wages of sin is death, and claiming that the wages of sin is eternal torment, their theory not only blasphemes the divine character, by representing it as the personification of injustice and cruelty, but it makes ridiculous the Scriptural doctrine of a ransom; for even fallen reason is able to discern that our Lord's death at Calvary could not redeem the race from eternal torture; and that there would be no correspondence whatever between the penalty and the ransom price.

(4) It makes the doctrine of the resurrection seem useless and unreasonable, because if there are none dead, how could there be a resurrection of the dead? If all, in dying, become more alive than they ever were before, and are in much better condition than previously, what good purpose could be served by a resurrection? or why should it be held out as the hope, and the only hope, set before us in the Gospel?

(5) It prepares the way for enslaving errors. Amongst the heathen, this, to a considerable extent, takes the form of the worship of parents, and the belief in transmigration of souls--that those who die as men, after remaining for a while in a disembodied condition, will be born into the world again as dogs or cats, horses or cows, rats or mice, and pass through the various experiences of these dumb animals; or, if worthy, pass to nobler conditions.

(6) In Christendom this evil took on its most Satanic form, and the false doctrine became the foundation of all the gross errors and superstitions with which Christianity has contended. There could have been no theory of eternal

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torture except as built upon this doctrine of demons, that the dead are alive --capable of suffering. There could have been no theory and doctrine of purgatory, except for the same teaching; consequently, there could have been no praying for the dead, no paying for masses for the dead. Consequently, also, the great priestly institutions which have fattened on these falsehoods could not have developed, to enslave mankind with their fallacies and misrepresentations of the divine character and plan.

(7) Although the power of Papacy was broken in the great Reformation movement of the sixteenth century, this foundation fallacy, taught by the demons, and supported by them amongst all nations with various proofs, demonstrations, and manifestations, was carefully guarded; and the Reformers stepped forth, still bound by this original lie, taught by the father of lies, and supported by his legions of evil spirits. Thus it became also in Protestantism the basis of all the difficulties and errors with which the various denominations have since struggled. It has blinded them to a large extent to the light of the divine Word, hindering them from "comprehending with all saints the length and the breadth, the height and the depth of the love of God." Eph 3:18

(8) Adapting itself to the new condition, it has, within the last fifty years, assumed the role of light-bearer to the Church, and affected to lead all desiring the truth. In this it is true to the character marked out for it in the inspired Word, for the Apostle declares, "Satan himself is transformed into an angel of light." 2Co 11:14

(9) Spiritism has been unsuccessful in capturing the majority of Christian people. Although handicapped by the false theory that their dead friends are alive, Christians in general have somehow instinctively realized that the mediums (the best which Satan could obtain) were not such mediums as God would appoint to communicate information, and to be channels of fellowship between himself and their friends, whom they erroneously believe to be alive, and frequently near them, though unseen; consequently,

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the great Adversary, while permitting Spiritualism to gather and to hold and to seduce to evil as many as possible, has found it necessary to introduce still more subtle temptations, still more close imitations of true Christianity, under the names of

Christian Science and Theosophy

These systems, pretending a reverence for the divine Word, and taking the name of Christ in vain, without having faith in him as the Redeemer, are used as decoys for Christians who are getting awake in the present time--to satisfy their cravings for something new and better than the husks of human tradition, upon which they have fed so long. These profess to feed their followers upon scientific truth, while ignoring truth, science, in every sense of the word.

(10) Seeing that restitution is the divine plan in the near future, the Adversary is attempting to distract human attention from the divine plan by mind cures, through Christian Scientists, Theosophists, and clairvoyants. These deceptive counterfeits of the truth, while denying the very foundation of the Scripture truth (the Ransom), are evidences to us that Satan's power to delude Christendom is waning, that his house is tottering to its fall, so far as intelligent people are concerned. The light of the Millennial dawn is breaking upon the world of mankind, and the great defender of error is at his extremity. God be praised that he will soon be bound, and hindered from deceiving the world for the thousand years of Christ's Millennial reign, in which the light of knowledge shall fill the whole earth, as the waters cover the great deep!

As we look into heathendom, we see clearly the terrible and degrading work of these demons, how they have riveted their fetters upon the people by the exercise of miraculous powers, through their human agents--as, for instance, the fakirs of India today, and the "Black Art" generally practiced throughout the world in the darker days of the past. The Scriptures show us the effect of the Gospel

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upon these works of the devil, and indicate that the light of divine truth is "the light of the world," which alone will be capable of dispelling the darkness of the Adversary. Notice the conflict between the light and darkness, as recorded in the Apostle Paul's experiences, when he traveled through Asia and into Europe, holding up the true light, when "Many that believed came and confessed, and showed their deeds. Many of them also which used curious arts brought their books together and burned them before all men; and they counted the price of them, and found it fifty thousand pieces of silver: so mightily grew the word of God and prevailed." Act 19:18-20

The apostles were continually in conflict with these evil spirits, which sometimes sought to oppose the Gospel, but in general realized that they were wholly unable to cope with the higher spiritual powers operating through the apostles. On one occasion, we read that the evil spirit sought affiliation with the Gospel, and prompted the medium to follow the Apostle and those with him, calling out, "These be the servants of the Most High God, which show unto us the way of eternal life." But whether this was an attempt to associate the Gospel with demonism and mediumship, or whether it was a shrewd trick by which the demons expected to accomplish the very result which followed, viz., a disturbance amongst the people, and an opposition to the apostles, we cannot judge. But at all events, one point clearly brought forward is, that the Apostle recognized these mediums, not as the mediums of the dead, but as the mediums of the demons, the fallen angels. And in conference with the apostles these demons never denied their own identity. See Act 16:16-19 ; Act 19:15 ; Jam 2:19 .

Likewise in our Lord's ministry, these evil spirits had found many amongst the Jews willing to receive them-- known as "possessed of devils." When possessed of many of these demons, as was frequently the case, the victim had almost no control of himself. His thoughts, words and acts were controlled by numerous of these evil spirits, and his

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conduct was that of insanity. Many possessed of devils were healed in our Lord's time, both by himself and by those whom he sent forth, armed with his spirit, power, influence. An interesting account of one of these instances of the casting out of evil spirits is found in Luk 4:34-37 , Mat 8:28-33 , where the demons not only did not attempt to deny their own identity, when holding converse with the Lord, but admitted his lordship and power over them, and their expectation of some future termination of their present restraint or imprisonment--a culmination or judgment in their case.*

"We Wrestle not [Merely] with Flesh and Blood"

From the foregoing we see that Satan himself, and the demons, his associates in evil, are really the great power working in and upon and through mankind, in opposition to God, and in opposition to the plan of atonement which he has designed and which began to be put into operation at the first advent and death of our Lord, as the ransom price for sinners. From this standpoint only can we comprehend clearly the significance of the words of the Apostle, "We wrestle not with flesh and blood, but against principalities and powers, and spiritual wickedness in high [exalted] positions." Eph 6:12 ) And seeing that fallen man is so incompetent to defend himself against this wily Adversary, and that the people of the Lord can escape from his machinations only in p